The concept of the Trinity is one of the foundational dogmas of Christianity. The Old Testament contains numerous passages that can be interpreted as evidence of the multiplicity within the One God. A particularly significant scene is found in the Book of Genesis (18:1–33), where three angels visit Abraham and Sarah, symbolizing the Holy Trinity. This passage forms the basis for the Christian iconography of the “Old Testament Trinity,” which holds a prominent place in sacred art. The depiction of God manifesting in three persons in this biblical account is a cornerstone of Christian theology. The meeting between humanity and the Trinity reflects the mystical understanding of God’s nature—One in essence, yet threefold in persons. The iconography that arose from this scene visually conveys this intricate theological concept while maintaining a deep connection to the biblical narrative.

Iconography

The traditional composition features a table at the center, with three angels seated around it—one in the middle and the others on either side. They are dressed in chitons and himatia, holding staffs as symbols of authority. On their heads are white ribbons, representing diadems, which serve as an ancient equivalent of a royal crown. Abraham and Sarah are frequently depicted in these icons. Such works belong to the “Hospitality of Abraham” iconographic type. In these representations, the elderly Abraham is often shown serving at the table, while Sarah appears at the entrance of the house, listening to the announcement of her pregnancy. Occasionally, both figures serve the angels together.

The elements of these icons can serve as valuable sources of historical knowledge across various fields. For instance, the architecture, attire of the figures, and the tableware and dishes depicted provide insights into the cultural and material realities of the depicted era.

Mykhailo Skop

Icons of the “Old Testament Trinity: The Hospitality of Abraham”

Icons of the “Old Testament Trinity”